Q: How were the UP-04 wheels tested for strength?

Through simulation. UP ran the UP-04 design through a series of simulations that replicate real-world conditions, letting engineers identify potential stress points and reinforce them before the wheel went to production. Combined with the forged 6061-T6 construction and center buttressing, that process is meant to ensure the wheel handles the acceleration, braking, and cornering loads of the Model Y. It is engineering validation rather than a guess about durability.